Understanding Jurisdiction in Multi-State Accidents

Car accidents that involve drivers from different states raise the question: which state’s laws apply? The answer is typically determined by the location of the crash. If the accident happens in Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania law governs the case—even if one or more drivers are from other states.

This means that out-of-state drivers are subject to Pennsylvania’s rules regarding liability, insurance claims, and litigation procedures. Pennsylvania is considered a “choice no-fault” state, meaning residents can choose between limited tort and full tort insurance options. However, out-of-state drivers may carry insurance based on their home state’s fault system, which can complicate claims.

How Insurance Coverage Applies

When you're involved in a crash with an out-of-state driver, the insurance company of the visiting driver typically provides coverage, just as it would in their home state. Most auto policies include a “broadening clause” or “out-of-state coverage” provision that adjusts the policy to meet the minimum liability requirements of the state where the accident occurred.

For Pennsylvania, those minimums include:

• $15,000 for bodily injury per person
• $30,000 total per accident for bodily injury
• $5,000 for property damage

So, if an Ohio driver with lower minimums causes a crash in Pennsylvania, their insurance is automatically adjusted to meet Pennsylvania’s minimum requirements. That said, how much compensation victims ultimately receive depends on several factors—including which party is at fault, whether additional coverage is available, and whether the injured party opted for limited or full tort under their policy.

Fault, Liability, and Comparative Negligence

Pennsylvania follows a modified comparative negligence system. This means that a party can recover damages as long as they are less than 51 percent responsible for the crash. However, their compensation will be reduced by their percentage of fault.

This rule applies regardless of where the other driver is from. So, if you are a Pennsylvania resident involved in a wreck with a Maryland driver, and you are found 30 percent at fault, your total compensation would be reduced by that percentage.

Out-of-state drivers may not be familiar with Pennsylvania’s approach to fault. If their home state uses pure comparative fault, no-fault, or contributory negligence systems, this can affect how they (or their insurer) respond to the claim—potentially creating delays or disputes.

Filing a Lawsuit Against an Out-of-State Driver

If your injuries or damages require legal action, you can typically sue the out-of-state driver in Pennsylvania, provided the crash occurred within the state. This is known as personal jurisdiction, and it applies when a person enters the state and causes harm.

Suing in Pennsylvania often simplifies the process for local plaintiffs. However, complications may arise when it comes to serving legal documents to an out-of-state defendant and enforcing a judgment across state lines. Fortunately, most states honor each other’s civil court judgments, especially through reciprocity agreements and the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution.

Rental Cars and Commercial Vehicles From Other States

Accidents involving out-of-state rental vehicles or commercial trucks can be even more complicated. For example:

• Rental car drivers may be covered by a mix of personal auto insurance, the rental company’s insurance, or a credit card’s rental coverage.
• Trucking companies operating across state lines are often governed by federal regulations through the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), which may override or supplement state laws.

In either case, determining liability can involve multiple insurance carriers, contract clauses, and, in some cases, federal jurisdiction.

What Pennsylvania Drivers Should Do After an Out-of-State Crash

If you're a Pennsylvania driver and get into an accident with someone from another state, follow these key steps:

• Call 911 and request a police report, regardless of apparent injuries
• Exchange full insurance information with the other driver
• Document the scene with photos and videos
• Seek medical attention, even if injuries seem minor
• Notify your insurer right away
• Speak with a qualified attorney, especially if injuries or insurance complications arise

You should also understand the terms of your own insurance policy. If you carry limited tort, your ability to recover compensation for pain and suffering may be restricted—unless you meet certain exceptions, such as suffering a “serious injury” or being struck by an out-of-state driver.

Statute of Limitations in Pennsylvania

In Pennsylvania, the statute of limitations for filing a personal injury lawsuit is two years from the date of the crash. This time limit applies whether the other driver is from Pennsylvania or another state.

However, if there are difficulties locating the out-of-state driver or serving them legal notice, it’s best to start the process as early as possible to avoid running out the clock.

Insurance Disputes and Legal Representation

Disputes often arise when out-of-state insurers attempt to shift blame, deny coverage, or undervalue claims based on unfamiliar rules. A Pennsylvania personal injury attorney can help you navigate these obstacles by:

• Handling communication with multiple insurance companies
• Gathering evidence that supports your version of events
• Calculating the full value of your damages
• Taking legal action if negotiations stall

Whether your crash involves a vacationer, a business traveler, or a commercial vehicle from another state, local legal guidance is critical when Pennsylvania law intersects with out-of-state insurance complexities.

Conclusion

Car accidents involving out-of-state drivers may happen in a split second, but the legal aftermath can take months to sort through. Pennsylvania’s laws provide a structured path for resolving these cases, but insurance complications, unfamiliar fault rules, and jurisdictional challenges often arise. Understanding your rights—and securing local legal support—can help you recover the compensation you deserve and move forward with confidence.

Need Legal Help? Brandon J. Broderick, Attorney at Law is One Phone Call Away

Navigating Pennsylvania Personal Injury claims can be challenging. Fortunately, you don't need to do it alone. The experienced lawyers at Brandon J. Broderick, Attorney at Law, are available 24/7 to help you understand your legal options, gather necessary evidence, and build a strong case to secure the settlement you deserve.

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